Passage of landmark family law reforms

“The Parliament has today passed two significant pieces of legislation to make Australia’s family law system simpler, safer and more accessible for separating families and their children.

Family Law Amendment Bill

The Family Law Amendment Bill 2023 will ensure the best interests of children are at the centre of all parenting decisions made inside or outside the courtroom and will make the system easier to navigate.

Significantly, the amendments passed today repeal the presumption of ‘equal shared parental responsibility’ provisions in the Family Law Act 1975. In 2017, a bipartisan parliamentary committee found that these provisions were confusing, that they failed to prioritise the safety of children and that they were being improperly applied in a way that put children at risk. These findings are consistent with the overwhelming consensus of family law experts.

Under the new laws, parenting decisions will have to be based solely on what is in the best interests of the child.

The new laws also include:

  • requiring Independent Children’s Lawyers to meet directly with children;
  • greater powers to protect parties and children from harmful effects of protracted and adversarial litigation;
  • a definition of ‘member of the family’ in the Family Law Act that is inclusive of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander concepts of family and kinship;
  • simplified compliance and enforcement provisions for child-related orders;
  • powers to enable government to regulate family report writers;
  • ensuring that children’s voices are heard more easily in matters under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.

These reforms are long overdue and will improve the lives of Australian families. In the nine years the former government was in office there were more than two dozen reviews into the family law system, with hundreds of recommendations that were simply ignored.

The Albanese Government is ensuring separating families are safer by acting where the former government failed to deliver for so many years.

Family Law Amendment (Information Sharing) Bill 2023

The Family Law Amendment (Information Sharing) Bill 2023 will ensure courts have access to the full picture of family safety risk in order to prioritise the safety of children and families, particularly in circumstances where there is risk of child abuse, neglect or family violence.

This important change progresses the Government’s commitment to ending gender-based violence in a generation.

The Bill:

  • establishes two new information sharing orders to allow courts to directly and quickly seek information from police, child protection and firearms agencies about family violence, child abuse and neglect that could place children at risk;
  • allows a court to make these orders at any point during proceedings so information is accurate and up-to-date; and
  • will ensure sensitive information is only disclosed in a safe and appropriate manner.

This Bill is informed by the Australian Law Reform Commission’s 2019 report Family Law for the Future – An inquiry into the Family Law System and reflects the Government Response to the Joint Select Committee on Australia’s Family Law System.

The Government’s legislation will see more family law matters resolved quickly, safely and inexpensively without compromising the safety of family members.

The Government recognises the advocacy of those with lived experiences of family and domestic violence. Their stories have been central to the development and passage of these important reforms and I thank them for their contributions.

These long-overdue reforms are significant but we know there is more work to be done. An exposure draft of a second Family Law Bill has already been released for consultation to further improve the family law system.”

Separation and Divorce: 6 Common Mistakes to Avoid

Divorce and separation are challenging life events, even when families manage to agree on a sensible separation plan.

This is because the ending of this stage in your life could elicit feelings of grief, anger, guilt, loneliness, regret, sadness and more.

There is nothing wrong with feeling these emotions, and it is entirely normal to feel this.

Unfortunately, such emotions may cause separating couples to make the wrong decisions.

These decisions can have a lasting negative impact on the lives of the people you love and even your children, friends and family.

It can impact the people you love, both financially and emotionally.

The decision to separate or divorce can change the course of your life.

Even if you and your former partner are ending the relationship on good terms, there are issues to resolve such as – time spending with the children, division of your property and superannuation.

If you proceed with the correct process, you can avoid divorce mistakes that increase stress and waste your time, energy and money.

Safeguarding yourself against mistakes in the process of divorce is critical to an efficient solution. Any decision taken in the heat of the moment or with incomplete information can turn all the major aspects of your life upside down.

If you are considering a divorce in Australia, here are 6 most common divorce mistakes you should avoid:
Mistake 1: Letting Emotions drive the process

It is often difficult to detach yourself emotionally during separation.

This makes it hard to understand what is happening and see your divorce and separation clearly.

Family and friends can be supportive, but your heightened emotions can prevent objective decisions.

Make sure your decisions are rational and try to keep your emotions separate.

There might come a time, like during litigation, when you have to be logical and fully in control, but intense feelings will want to take over.

Ensure that any legal decision you take is thought through with a stable mindset before reaching any conclusion.

Make sure that you have a solid support system in place.

Mistake 2: Unrealistic Expectations about divorce

Separating families should have realistic expectations about what the law can and cannot do for them.

Remember if you are not ready to compromise, the matter will be handled by the court and a Judge or Senior Registrar, will take away your right to make a decision.

They will decide for you. The objective of negotiations should be to reach a common ground that works for both parties.

While you are discussing legal and settlement terms, try to be reasonable and realistic.

Empower yourself with knowledge on your rights, obligations and options.

Mistake 3: Taking advice from random people rather than your lawyer

While you are going through the process of divorce, there will be different friends and relatives who might have gone through the same and would like to help.

They chime in and despite wanting to genuinely help you (or not) the advice is not always good.

Your friends, family, school parents or the like who have gone through a divorce are unlikely to be legally trained.

They will not be able to give you legal advice based on expertise and knowledge.

At best you will likely get a rant or opinion based on their experiences. It is wholly unlikely that they know what is right for you.

So, you should not listen to well meaning opinions of the layperson and look to the paid professionals.

Be practical and sensible, follow the advice of your lawyer.

If you do not think your lawyer is doing the right thing, discuss this with them and see if you can resolve any confusion or issues.

Mistake 4: Being unable to identify, value or separate your property

Another common mistake in divorce and separation is that parties fail to identify their assets and the true value of those assets.

This mistake can cost you tens, if not hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The parties should negotiate and reach an informed decision on how the property will be divided.

The division should be such that both parties’ contributions and future needs are considered.

The property division must comply with the legislative requirements of the act and be fair and reasonable.

If investing in an expert to value property such as a home is necessary, we can direct you to a cost effective expert.

When you try to resolve your dispute without proper knowledge of the value of your assets, what you do is create a larger disparity in the actual division of your assets.

Paying a few hundred dollars to have your home valued is essential for peace of mind.

Mistake 5: Assuming that issues will be resolved with time

You and your former partner are going to play the main role in determining the outcome of your divorce and settlement. People tend to forget this.

Divorce is indeed not a passive process and issues are not going to be resolved with time if you delay them.

Therefore, keep your long-term key interests in mind to make rational decisions.

Remember that delaying the key steps in divorce and separation can further complicate the process and make it more stressful, costly and time consuming.

When parties cannot agree, ask your lawyer for the option of least resistance.

For instance, some negotiations can go on for years without resolution.

You may have spent $10,000 on that process with no result.

A good lawyer knows when to start litigation, when to mediate and when to negotiate.

Where expectations of one party are not realistic, you can chat to your lawyer about options available to you so that there may potentially be a recovery of legal costs.

Mistake 6: Posting personal information online

No matter what relationship you share with your former partner, divorce is an emotionally draining life event.

In this phase of life, it is obvious that you would like to connect with your family and friends and let them know what you are going through.

Keep in mind it is that it is not a good idea to post your thoughts, feelings, and experiences on online platforms.

It also breaches the Act and you could be penalised by the Court.

Resist the urge to post anything about your divorce or separation online, make sure you refrain from using social media until the divorce is finalised.

What now?

Before planning a divorce in Australia, a well-thought-out strategy is a must.

Your first step starts with meeting the right lawyer who will handle the entire process for you.

A good family lawyer will help you understand the law and you’ll refrain from making the mistakes that can complicate your divorce.

If you are looking for an experienced lawyer to help you navigate this next phase, please call us on (08) 8312 6440 or email us at info@alslaw.com.au to make an appointment.

Elena and the team look forward to helping you resolve your matter.

Blogby Elena Leonardos

Dividing Overseas Assets After a Divorce in Australia

If you or your spouse have assets located outside of Australia, you may be wondering how these assets will be divided in the event of a divorce. The process can be complex, and it is important to seek professional legal advice to ensure that your interests are protected.

Australian courts have jurisdiction to divide overseas assets in certain circumstances.

The first step is to determine whether the overseas asset is ‘matrimonial property’.

Once it has been established that the asset is matrimonial property, the court will then consider what order would be just and equitable in all the circumstances of the case.

A number of factors will be taken into account when making this determination, including but not limited to:

  • the financial contribution made by each party towards the acquisition, conservation or improvement of the asset;
  • the non-financial contribution made by each party;
  • the future needs of each party; and
  • the value of any other property owned by either party.

In some cases, it may be possible to reach an agreement with your spouse regarding the division of overseas assets without having to go to court. However, if you are unable to reach an agreement, you may need to commence proceedings in an overseas court.

It is important to seek legal advice from a lawyer who is experienced in dealing with international family law matters before taking any action.

Dividing assets located outside of Australia can be a complex process. If you or your spouse have overseas assets, it is important to seek professional legal advice to ensure that your interests are protected.

To take a step toward protecting what is rightfully yours, email us at info@alslaw.com.au to organise an initial consultation for the fixed fee of $330 inclusive of GST.

Blogby Elena Leonardos

Property Settlements and Gifts, How Does It Work ?

When separating from a spouse the property is divided, but does that include contributions from your parents, should your former partner benefit from that gift?

It is not unusual for parents to financially assist their child to give them a head start in life. This may look like a sum of money, land, or even a property! The gift can be an enormous head start to their child.

Often this type of generosity is informal and undocumented. Most parents do not anticipate the breakdown their child’s relationship and do not consider the affect a separation may have on the property gifted to their child.

What happens to a parent’s contribution?

When the relationship breaks down, there must be consideration of how the contribution would be dealt with in a property settlement.

The Court may treat the contribution in two separate ways:

  • Firstly, the Court may view the contribution as a loan that is to be repaid to the parents; or
  • Alternatively, the Court could consider that the contribution was made by the parents without the expectation of repayment.

It must be noted that the other side will often assert that the contribution is a gift. In doing so, the contribution will form part of the asset pool.

How do you establish the contribution is a loan?

You will need to consider if there were any written or oral terms agreed upon regarding the contribution. It may be a loan agreement if there is record of loan repayments, or if there is security taken for the loan.

The Court may find a contribution to be a loan in circumstances that there is a formal loan document.

However, in circumstances where there is little evidence to establish that the contribution was a loan, and no repayments had been previously made, it will be challenging to satisfy the Court that the contribution was a loan and it will likely be considered as a gift.

We recognise that it can be confusing to determine if a contribution from your parents is a loan or a gift. Please call us to make an appointment, Elena and the team look forward to helping you resolve your dispute.

Blogby Elena Leonardos

Financial Agreements or Consent Orders, What Is The Difference ?

Separation requires the division of property between the parties.

Why? Because if you do not legally formalise your agreement, you run the risk that one party may change their mind. This can be expensive.

There are two options to settle property matters: a Financial Agreement or Consent Orders. Both documents are a formal agreement regarding the division of your property, but are drafted and enforced in different ways.

Financial Agreements

A Financial Agreement is a private agreement between parties, so it is not subject to the Court’s review. However, Financial Agreements can be more complex and expensive to prepare.

A Financial Agreement includes background information about the relationship, identification of the assets and itemisation of what each party shall retain.

This agreement does not need to satisfy the ‘Just and Equitable’ test, therefore there is risk that the agreement may benefit one party more than the other. As a result, there is a larger risk that the document may be challenged by a party later if they decide to no longer be bound by it.

As there is a risk the Financial Agreement may not be just and equitable for both parties, each must obtain independent legal advice regarding the document. A Solicitor must sign a certificate that they have given the required advice.

Consent Orders

Unlike Financial Agreements, Consent Orders are filed with the Family Court. Consent Orders require two documents, those being an application for consent orders and a minute of order.

Consent orders form a written agreement that identifies both parties, liabilities, superannuation entitlements and contributions that were made to the relationship. The proposed orders will outline the orders you wish the Court to make regarding the division of property between the parties.

The Court must be satisfied that the proposed orders are just and equitable to both parties before they are approved. Once the orders are approved by the Court they are binding on both parties and cannot be amended.

It is important to note that parties must file the application for consent orders within a year of their divorce. This period is 2 years for the separation of de facto couples.

Which approach do I choose?

Both options offer advantages and suffer disadvantages. We recommend that you take a moment to consider the current circumstances and your relationship with your former partner to evaluate the best option for you. It is important that you receive proper advice as to which option is most beneficial to you. It is important to get your strategy in place.

Please call us to make an appointment, Elena and the team look forward to helping you resolve your matter.

Family Law Amendment Bill 2023

Feedback updated 8 Nov 2023
We asked

“From 30 January to 27 February 2023, we sought feedback on an exposure draft of the Family Law Amendment Bill 2023 (the Bill). The draft Bill proposed a streamlined parenting framework, including by simplifying the ‘best interests factors’ a court must consider in determining parenting arrangements, and removing the ‘presumption of equal shared parental responsibility’ and associated time considerations.

The draft legislation also proposed to:

  • introduce a requirement in the legislation for Independent Children’s Lawyers (ICLs) to meet directly with children
  • increase judicial discretion to appoint ICLs in matters under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction
  • provide courts with greater powers to protect parties and children from the harmful effects of protracted and adversarial litigation
  • provide a definition of ‘member of the family’ in the Family Law Act 1975 (the Family Law Act) that is inclusive of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander concepts of family and kinship
  • simplified compliance and enforcement provisions for child-related orders
  • create regulation-making powers to enable the government to establish schemes that set requirements for family law report writers
  • introduce an express power for courts to exclude evidence of ‘protected confidences’ in family law matters (that is, evidence relating to the provision of health services, such as medical or counselling records)
  • clarify restrictions around public communication of family law proceedings.

The release of the draft Bill was an opportunity for the community to provide feedback on the proposed amendments.

We prepared a consultation paper to explain the exposure draft and sought stakeholder views on key issues. We invited submissions in response to the wording of the proposed amendments and, in particular, to the specific consultation questions set out in the paper.

We asked

As a result of the consultation process, a number of important changes were made to the Bill to ensure the reforms best support Australian children and families:

  • The Objects provision in Part VII of the Act (relating to children) was amended to make it clear that safety should be specifically considered when ensuring that the best interests of children are met.
  • Amendments were made to the factors that the court must consider when determining the best interests of the child to provide clarity and address issues raised by stakeholders in relation to safety considerations, cultural considerations, the consideration of the capacity of each parent to provide for the child’s needs, and circumstances where a parent does not have an existing relationship with a child.
  • To address stakeholder concerns about potential unintended consequences associated with the removal of equal shared parental responsibility, changes were made to:

encourage parents to consult each other about major long-term issues prior to court orders being made

> make it clear that the court can make an order for joint decision making for major long-term issues

> clarify the orders that will invoke the requirement for decisions to be made jointly, and

> co-locate the provisions relating to parental responsibility to make the Act more user-friendly.

  • Clarifying changes were made to provisions around ICLs to:

> make clear that the exception where an ICL is not required to meet with a child due to the risk of physical or psychological harm only applies where that risk cannot be safely managed

> make clear that if an ICL is not required to perform a duty to meet with a child due to exceptional circumstances, that the court must consider this before final orders are made and not as part of every court event.

  • Changes were made to the provisions for harmful proceedings orders and for establishing an overarching purpose of family law practice and procedure to:

> make clear that in harmful proceedings against a party, the court must make an order about whether the respondent is to be notified about any further applications filed

> allow courts to dismiss applications for leave in harmful proceedings cases without an oral hearing or in chambers instead to enable the court to deal with harmful or unmeritorious litigations more efficiently.

> reorder the list of factors in the overarching purpose so that the efficiency of proceedings does not read as being secondary to safety factors.

  • In relation to the family report writers provisions:

> references to a ‘designated report’ have been changed to make clear it is a ‘designated family report’ in relation to family report writer provisions

> further detail has been included about who is considered a regulator, to specify who may be delegated powers and functions, and to specify relevant courts for the purposes of exercising regulatory powers and civil penalties.

  • The provisions relating ‘protected confidences were removed from the Bill prior to its introduction into Parliament. The government is seeking further views on this issue as part of the consultation process on a second tranche of family law reforms

Further amendments were made to the Bill following the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee Report issued on 24 August 2023 and as a result of further consultation and stakeholder submissions to the committee. These include:

  • amendments to the ‘best interests’ factors to ensure the history of family violence, abuse and neglect are considered when determining the arrangements that would promote the safety of the child and their caregivers, and that courts must consider exposure to family violence
  • an amendment to give greater clarity to guidance surrounding the stand-alone factor for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children
  • clarifying Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander concepts of family and their obligations to court notifications
  • amendments to enable the removal of the higher threshold requirement for consideration of child’s objections to a return order in Hague Convention cases
  • amendments to ensure the Bill operates in line with the government’s policy intention to ensure that children’s best interests are placed at the centre of the family law system and its operation
  • addition of a review provision
  • changes to many application provisions to ensure that the changes apply to all existing court matters on commencement, excluding those where a final hearing has commenced
  • removal of the proposed costs provision specific to contravention proceedings to avoid duplication of the court’s discretionary power to award costs in family law matters.

We have published submissions where we have received permission from the author to do so. Some submissions have been redacted to avoid breaching section 121 of the Family Law Act, for privacy considerations and where there are concerns about copyrighted material.

The Family Law Amendment Bill 2023 passed the Senate, with amendments, on 19 October 2023. The House of Representatives agreed to the Senate amendments on 19 October 2023.

The Governor-General gave Royal Assent to the Bill on 6 November, 2023. It is now the Family Law Amendment Act 2023 (Act No. 87 of 2023). Most of the changes to the law will apply from 6 May 2024.”